Boudhanath Stupa in Kathmandu, Nepal, Asia

Last Updated: March 11, 2025

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Boudhanath Stupa Introduction

Boudhanath Stupa, also known as Jyarung Khashor in Tibetan, is one of the most significant Buddhist stupas in Kathmandu, Nepal. It stands as a sacred site of pilgrimage and meditation, attracting Buddhists and travelers from around the world. As the largest round stupa globally, Boudhanath holds immense historical, spiritual, and cultural value.

The first stupa at Boudhanath was created around  600 AD however the history of the place goes back to  6th century CE. Boudhanath Stupa is located in Kathmandu, Nepal, about 11 kilometers northeast from the city center.

A Brief Mythology and History of Buddhist Stupas

Boudhanath (Tibetan: jya-rung-kha-shor, Jyarung Khashor) is deeply rooted in Buddhist history and mythology. This stupa was originally built by a humble chicken shepherd, Jyjima (Dechog), during the reign of King Thichen Devchen.

Meditation of Two Tears by Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara

According to Buddhist texts such as Srutimukti, Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara once resolved to free all beings from suffering. If he failed, he vowed to shatter his head into a thousand pieces. Overcome with sorrow, he shed two tears, from which two celestial daughters, Gangma and Ganghungma, were born in the world of Trayastrinshadev. They played a crucial role in the creation of this sacred site.

The Birth of Dechog and the Construction of the Stupa

Gangchungma, the youngest daughter of Devendra, was reborn as Dechog, a simple poultry keeper in Maguta, Nepal, during the reign of Kashyapa Buddha. She had four husbands, each of whom fathered a son. Despite her humble origins, she dedicated herself to spiritual work and resolved to construct a great stupa.

When Dechog approached the king for land, she was granted a piece the size of a buffalo hide. Cleverly, she cut the skin into thin strips and laid it out in a large circular shape, securing the area for the stupa’s construction. Over the next seven years, she and her four sons, along with animals such as elephants and donkeys, tirelessly worked to build the sacred structure.

Upon completing the fourth level of the stupa, Dechog passed away, entrusting her sons to finish the work and enshrine the relics of Tathagata Kashyapa Buddha inside. After three more years of labor, the Buddhist stupa was completed, accompanied by auspicious signs such as celestial music, flower showers, and rainbows illuminating the sky.

The Symbolism and Spiritual Power of Boudhanath Stupa

The Boudhanath Stupa is not only an architectural masterpiece but also a profound spiritual symbol.

• The White Dome – Represents purity and enlightenment.
• The All-Seeing Eyes of Buddha – Painted on four sides, they signify wisdom and omniscient awareness.
• Thirteen Golden Steps – Symbolize the thirteen levels of spiritual realization leading to enlightenment.
• Prayer Wheels and Flags – Carry sacred Buddhist mantras, spreading blessings with the wind.

The Naming of Jyarung Khashor

The name Jyarung Khashor derives from a Tibetan legend. When Dechog sought permission to build the stupa, the king verbally agreed, assuming the project would be small. However, when he later saw the immense scale of the structure, he was astonished. Since his words had already granted approval, he could not take them back. Thus, the stupa came to be known as Jyarung Khashor, meaning "promise spoken" in Tibetan.

Tibetan Buddhist Connections and Historical Figures

Throughout history, Boudhanath has been safeguarded by great Buddhist figures. Tibetan Dharma King Thrisrong Deuchan, Mahapadhyaya Shantarakshita, and Guru Padmasambhava all played roles in its preservation and significance. Over the centuries, notable figures such as Yolmova Shakya Jangpo (15th-16th century), Kathog Rigjin Chhewang Norbu (1698-1756), and Jechun Shabskar Chogsdrug Rangdrol (1781-1851) contributed to its restoration and reverence.

Boudhanath Stupa: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Due to its historical significance, cultural importance and architectural value, Boudhanath Stupa has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Monument since 1979.

Encircled by vibrant Tibetan Buddhist communities, the stupa remains an active center of worship, meditation, and spiritual retreats. The rhythmic chants of monks, the scent of incense, and the sight of devotees performing kora (circumambulation) create an atmosphere of deep serenity.

Architectural Features of Boudhanath Stupa

Revered as one of the best buddhist temples in the world, Boudhanath is iconic because of its historic background, cultural values and following architectural features:

• Dome Structure – The massive white dome stands as a symbol of enlightenment.
• Four-sided Pinnacle – Engraved with Buddha’s eyes, symbolizing his omnipresent wisdom.
• 108 Niches – Contain statues of Bodhisattvas and Buddhist deities.
• Prayer Wheels – Each inscribed with the sacred mantra "Om Mani Padme Hum."

Restoration After the 2015 Earthquake

The devastating earthquake of 2015 (Nepali year 2072) caused significant damage to Boudhanath Stupa. However, a collective effort led by the Boudhanath Area Development Committee, alongside local and international Buddhist organizations, successfully restored it by 2016, ensuring that this sacred monument continues to inspire generations.

Best Time to Visit Boudhanath Stupa

Boudhanath stupa feels best during morning and evening as monks chant prayers, creating a tranquil atmosphere.

During Losar, the Tibetan New Year, the stupa comes alive with grand celebrations and vibrant religious festivities; and on Buddha Jayanti, the stupa radiates a profound spiritual aura, illuminated by the glow of thousands of butter lamps, enhancing its sacred presence.

FAQs

Why is Boudhanath Stupa significant?

It is one of the largest and most revered Buddhist stupas in the world, associated with Avalokiteshvara and Tibetan Buddhism.

Can I meditate at Boudhanath Stupa?

Yes! Many monasteries in the vicinity offer meditation retreats and Buddhist teachings.

What is the best time to visit Boudhanath?

Early mornings and sunset provide the most peaceful experiences.

How far is Boudhanath Stupa from Kathmandu city center?

Boudhanath is located about 11 km northeast of central Kathmandu and can be reached within 40 minutes by taxi.

Conclusion

Boudhanath Stupa is not just a monument; it is a living testament to faith, resilience, and spiritual devotion. Whether you visit for meditation, historical exploration, or simply to experience the vibrant Tibetan culture, this sacred site offers a journey into Nepal’s rich Buddhist heritage.

We hope the detailed information we provided above will be helpful to all the enthusiasts of Buddhism, who are seeking the spiritual journey in some of the world’s most sacred Buddhist temples.